Matzah is one of the most recognisable and meaningful elements of Passover. Known as the
“bread of affliction”, it plays a central role during the festival and especially during the
Seder. While many Jewish families in the UK grow up eating matzah every Pesach, fewer
people fully understand why it is eaten or the depth of symbolism attached to it.
This comprehensive British guide explores the historical background, spiritual meaning
and practical kosher guidelines surrounding matzah, making it ideal for families preparing
for Passover, newcomers learning Jewish traditions, and anyone curious about the holiday’s rituals.
1. What Exactly Is Matzah?
Matzah is an unleavened flatbread made simply of flour and water. What makes it unique is
that it must be prepared and baked very quickly — typically within 18 minutes — to prevent
any fermentation or rising. During Passover, eating matzah is not just a custom; it’s a
biblical commandment.
In the UK, kosher-for-Passover matzah is available in most Jewish neighbourhoods and
online stores in a wide variety of styles, from machine-made to handmade shmura matzah.
2. Why Do We Eat Matzah on Passover?
The Bread of Affliction — symbol of poverty, humility and hardship.
The Bread of Freedom — symbol of the Israelites leaving Egypt in haste.
3. Matzah in the Seder Ceremony
Three matzot are placed on the table. The middle one is broken (Yachatz). Matzah is eaten during Motzi, Matzah and Korech.
4. Historical Roots
From the Exodus to British Jewish communities today, matzah remains a symbol of resilience and identity.
5. Types of Matzah in the UK
- Machine-made matzah (most common)
- Handmade Shmura matzah
- Egg matzah
- Gluten-free alternatives
6. The Halachic Requirements
Matzah must be baked within 18 minutes from flour and water only. Shmura matzah is supervised
from harvest, widely used in British Orthodox homes.
7. Spiritual Meaning
Matzah symbolises humility, simplicity and reflection — core qualities of Passover.
8. UK Matzah Traditions
- Matzah brei
- Matzah pizza
- Matzah kugel
- Chocolate-covered matzah
9. Health Considerations
Low in fibre; moderation is recommended. Softer egg matzah can help elderly individuals.
10. A British Approach
Ashkenazi, Sephardi and mixed customs all shape UK Passover traditions — but matzah unites them all.